Schizophrenia remains a significant mental health concern in Kenya, with caregivers playing a vital role in the care and recovery of patients. This study explored the factors influencing caregivers' knowledge and attitudes toward schizophrenia at Mathari Teaching and Referral Hospital. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. Data were collected from 303 caregivers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (based on DSM-V-TR criteria) through systematic sampling. The tools used included structured questionnaires and key informant interviews with psychiatric nurses. 

The findings revealed that 72% of caregivers could not identify the condition by name, yet 54.1% exhibited a positive attitude. Caregiver knowledge was positively correlated with factors such as the duration of the patient’s illness, caregiver age, gender, education level, and occupation. Notably, higher levels of knowledge were associated with more positive attitudes. While individual factors (e.g., the patient's duration of illness and medical history) and caregiver-related factors (e.g., demographics) independently influenced knowledge and attitudes, their combined effect was not significant. 

These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions, such as treatment literacy programs for caregivers. Improving caregiver knowledge can significantly enhance attitudes, ultimately fostering better support for individuals with schizophrenia. Strengthening the capacity of caregivers is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and reinforcing mental health care systems in Kenya.