Trauma may be caused by an event that is perceived as life-threatening or as having the potential of seriously hurting oneself or others. Such experience, often accompanied by intense fear, terror, and helplessness, can lead to the development of PTSS and PTSD. Response to trauma depends on trauma characteristics and specific personal factors. In clinical literature, PTSD is often accompanied by severe functional impairment and includes well-described symptoms. These create behavior that limits the person and causes mental and functional harm over time. Moreover, PTSS in early age may lead to harmful structural and functional changes in the development of brain neural circuits. PTSD has been one of the most investigated themes in medicine, psychiatry, neurophysiology, and rehabilitation over the last years. HPA axis, neural inflammation, and neural mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in the molecular mechanism of PTSD, reducing neuroplasticity and synapse proliferation. Here, current data on PTSD causes and symptoms, and the mechanisms and functions of the mitochondrial stress response, are discussed, leading to 3LT novel scientifically and clinically based therapeutic approach. 3LT tool, aimed at the neural molecular mechanism of PTSS, targets mitochondrial dysfunction for the prevention and correction of neural lesions associated with PTSD.

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