The problem of low adherence to therapy in patients with epilepsy is one of the most pressing public health issues. Failure to follow physician's instructions leads to an increased risk of hospitalization and sudden death. Knowing the main predictors of non-compliance such as gender, age, comorbidity, personality traits, sociodemographic variables etc. physician is able to develop appropriate strategies to increase adherence. There are methods of compliance improvement such as raising efficiency of communication between doctor and patient, rehabilitation programs implementation, adherence to the principles of AED prescription, educational programs etc. that should be actively implemented in the clinical practice of epileptologists.