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Fouad Alshaban

Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar

Presentation Title:

The use of eye tracking technology as an objective tool in the early screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Background: Deficits in eye gaze are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are included in gold standard diagnostic instruments. More than a decade of research into abnormalities of eye gaze has confirmed social attention deficits as a key feature of ASD. Across studies, diverse stimulus paradigms have elicited social attention abnormalities, ranging from decreased fixation to others’ eyes and social scenes as early as 6 months of age, to gaze abnormalities during dyadic or joint attention bids in preschoolers and older children, to aberrant gaze toward dynamic social stimuli in older high-functioning individuals.
Gaze patterns, particularly those based on dynamic temporal analysis, may be a promising objective risk marker of ASD as well as a quantitative measure of autism symptoms spanning the full continuum of behavior. Developing an Arabic version of eye tracking stimuli paradigm mimic the English ones used by previous studies to be used for Arabic speaking individuals is challenging but promising.

Objectives: The primary aim of the present study was to create an objective, eye tracking-based autism risk index using Arabic version stimuli paradigm.

Methods: Children were recruited for comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation of ASD and subsequently grouped by clinical consensus diagnosis (ASD n=106, non ASD 100. Remote eye tracking using Arabic version stimuli. Dwell times were recorded to each priori-defined region- of-interest (ROI) and averaged across ROIs to create an autism risk index.

Results: Similar to the previous findings, the autism risk index had high diagnostic accuracy with area under the curve (AUC)= .89 and .84, 95% CIs=.80-.97 and 070-.95, was strongly associated with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition severity score.

Conclusions: The autism risk index is a useful quantitative and objective measure of risk for autism in at-risk settings. Using the Arabic remote eye tracking paradigm proved to be as effective as the English version used in previous research projects. Future research in larger samples is needed to cross-validate these findings. If a validated scale for clinical use, this measure could inform clinical judgment regarding ASD diagnosis and track symptom improvements.

Biography

Throughout his career at Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Dr. Alshaban has focused on applying epidemiological methods to investigate and evaluate the burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on Qatari families and other families residing in Qatar. He began studying prevalence rates of ASD and all contributing risk factors associated with the disorder. From this, he and his team established the first ASD registry in Qatar funded by Qatar National Research Fund. The registry’s comprehensive database includes 110 variables regarding demographic, environmental, and clinical data of each diagnosed individual.

His current focus is the development of interdisciplinary research programs to improve early diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of ASD. He is working on the development of innovative screening and diagnostic tools using eye-tracking technology in collaboration with the Cleveland Clinic. Moreover, Dr. Alshaban’s work includes translating and validating the Arabic version of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), which is a golden standard tool for ASD screening. Additionally, he recently established a commercial partnership with the American company Argus Cognitive Inc. to co-develop the first Arabic digital phenotyping for social communication behaviors as a diagnostic tool for ASD, using machine learning and artificial intelligence to be used in conjunction with ADOS-2 diagnostic tool.